Rank Article Number of citations
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2 Brooker AF, Bowerman JW, Robinson RA, Riley LH Jr. Ectopic ossification following total hip replacement: incidence and a method of classification. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;55:1629–1632. 1126
3 Mankin HJ, Dorfman H, Lippiello L, Zarins A. Biomechanical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteo-arthritic human hips: II. Correlation of morphology with biomechanical and metabolic data. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53:523–537. 1073
4 Gustilo RB, Anderson JT. Prevention of infection in treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:453–458. 1069
5 Gruen TA, McNeice GM, Amstutz HC. “Modes of failure” of cemented stem-type femoral components: radiographic analysis of loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;141:17–27. 1033
6 Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983;8:141–144. 979
7 Insall JN, Dorr LD, Scott RD, Scott WN. Rationale of the Knee Society clinical rating system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;248:13–14. 914
8 Neer CS 2nd. Anterior acromioplasty for chronic impingement syndrome in the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1972;54:41–50. 865
9 Bohannon RW, Smith MB. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther. 1987;67:206–207. 863
10 Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:641–650. 844
11 Constant CR, Murley AH. A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987;214:160–164. 838
12 DeLee JG, Charnley J. Radiological demarcation of cemented sockets in total hip replacement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1976;121:20–32. 834
13 Carter DR, Hayes WC. The compressive behavior of bone as a two-phase porous structure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:954–962. 796
14 Farndale RW, Sayers CA, Barrett AJ. A direct spectrophotometric micro-assay for sulfated glycosaminoglycans in cartilage cultures. Connect Tissue Res. 1982;9:247–248. 778
15 Lysholm J, Gillquist J. Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring scale. Am J Sports Med. 1982;10:150–154. 685
16 Boden SD, Davis DO, Dina TS, Patronas NJ, Wiesel SW. Abnormal magnetic-resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects: a prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1990;72:403–408. 683
17 Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1984;66:397–402. 667
18 Salter RB, Harris WR. Injuries involving the epiphyseal plate. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963;45:587–622. 666
19 Outerbridge RE. The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961;43:752–757. 659
20 Kitaoka HB, Alexander IJ, Adelaar RS, Nunley JA, Myerson MS, Sanders M. Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:349–353. 658
21* Goldring SR, Schiller AL, Roelke M, Rourke CM, O’Neil DA, Harris WH. The synovial-like membrane at the bone-cement interface in loose total hip replacements and its proposed role in bone lysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65:575–584. 651
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23 Tegner Y, Lysholm J. Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res.1985;198:43–49. 633
24 Fairbank TJ. Knee joint changes after meniscectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1948;30:664–670. 631
25 Jarcho M. Calcium phosphate ceramics as hard tissue prosthetics. Clin Orthop Relat Res.1981;157:259–278. 615
26 Schmalzried TP, Jasty M, Harris WH. Periprosthetic bone loss in total hip arthroplasty: polyethylene wear debris and the concept of the effective joint space. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:849–863. 603
27* Wakitani S, Goto T, Pineda SJ, Young RG, Mansour JM, Caplan AI, Goldberg VM. Mesenchymal cell-based repair of large, full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;76:579–592. 602
Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues. Part I: The influence of stability of fixation and soft-tissue preservation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;238:249–281. 602
29 Engh CA, Bobyn JD, Glassman AH. Porous-coated hip replacement: the factors governing bone ingrowth, stress shielding, and clinical results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1987;69:45–55. 597
30 Waddell G. 1987 Volvo award in clinical sciences: A new clinical model for the treatment of low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987;12:632–644. 567
31 Younger EM, Chapman MW. Morbidity at bone graft donor sites. J Orthop Trauma. 1989;3:192–195. 566
32 Stauffer RN. 10-year follow-up study of total hip replacement: with particular reference to roentgenographic loosening of the components. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:983–990. 559
33 Phalen GS. The carpal-tunnel syndrome: seventeen years’ experience in diagnosis and treatment of six hundred fifty-four hands. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1966;48:211–228. 544
34 Livermore J, Ilstrup D, Morrey B. Effect of femoral head size on wear of the polyethylene acetabular component. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:518–528. 541
35 Noyes FR, Butler DL, Grood ES, Zernicke RF, Hefzy MS. Biomechanical analysis of human ligament grafts used in knee-ligament repairs and reconstructions. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:344–352. 531
36 Denis F. The three column spine and its significance in the classification of acute thoracolumbar spinal injuries. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983;8:817–831. 524
37 Ilizarov GA. The tension-stress effect on the genesis and growth of tissues: Part II. The influence of the rate and frequency of distraction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;239:263–285. 510
38 Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures: I. Classification and evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:1077–1089. 498
39 Enneking WF, Dunham W, Gebhardt MC, Malawar M, Pritchard DJ. A system for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;286:241–246. 496
40 Rosenberg L. Chemical basis for histological use of safranin O in study of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971;53:69–82. 493
41 Mankin HJ. The response of articular cartilage to mechanical injury. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1982;64:460–466. 485
42 Insall JN, Ranawat CS, Aglietti P, Shine J. Comparison of four models of total knee-replacement prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1976;58:754–765. 476
43 Sutherland CJ, Wilde AH, Borden LS, Marks KE. A ten-year follow-up of one hundred consecutive Muller curved-stem total hip-replacement arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:970–982. 475
44 D’Aubigne RM, Postel M. Functional results of hip arthroplasty of hip arthroplasty with acrylic prosthesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1954;36:451–475. 474
45* Salter RB, Simmonds DF, Malcolm BW, Rumble EJ, Macmichael D, Clements ND. The biological effect of continuous passive motion on the healing of full-thickness defects in articular cartilage: an experimental investigation in the rabbit. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:1232–1251. 464
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Yasko AW, Lane JM, Fellinger EJ, Rosen V, Wozney JM, Wang EA. The healing of segmental bone defects, induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (RHBMP-2): a radiographic, histological, and biomechanical study in rats. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:659–670. 464
48 Rowe CR, Patel D, Southmayd WW. The Bankart procedure: a long-term end-result study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60:1–16. 462
49 Sah RL, Kim YJ, Doong JY, Grodzinsky AJ, Plaas AH, Sandy JD. Biosynthetic response of cartilage explants to dynamic compression. J Orthop Res. 1989;7:619–636. 460
50 Singh M, Nagrath AR, Maini PS. Changes in trabecular pattern of upper end of the femur as an index of osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:457–467. 458
51 Bartel DL, Bicknell VL, Wright TM. The effect of conformity, thickness, and material on stresses in ultra-high molecular weight components for total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1986;68:1041–1051. 457
52 Goldenberg RR, Campbell CJ, Bonfiglio M. Giant-cell tumor of bone: an analysis of two hundred eighteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1970;52:619–664. 455
53 Chandler HP, Reineck FT, Wixson RL, McCarthy JC. Total hip replacement in patients younger than thirty years old: a five-year follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1426–1434. 454
54 Weber H. Lumbar-disc herniation: a controlled, prospective study with ten years of observation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1983;8:131–140. 452
55 Shelbourne KD, Nitz P. Accelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:292–299. 450
56 Neer CS 2nd. Impingement lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1983;173:70–77. 445
57 Butler DL, Noyes FR, Grood ES. Ligamentous restraints to anterior-posterior drawer in the human knee: a biomechanical study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:259–270. 441
58 Enneking WF, Spanier SS, Goodman MA. A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma.Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980;153:106–120. 440
59 Biering-Sorensen F. Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1984;9:106–119. 438
60* Ficat RP. Idiopathic bone necrosis of the femoral head: early diagnosis and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:3–9. 434
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62* Bigos SJ, Battie MC, Spengler DM, Fisher LD, Fordyce WE, Hansson TH, Nachemson AL, Wortley MD. A prospective study of work perceptions and psychosocial factors affecting the report of back injury.Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991;16:1–6. 433
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64 Smith GW, Robinson RA. The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958;40:607–624. 429
65 Harris WH, McCarthy JC Jr, O’Neill DA. Femoral component loosening using contemporary techniques of femoral cement fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:1063–1067. 425
66 Arendt E, Dick R. Knee injury patterns among men and women in collegiate basketball and soccer: NCAA data and review of literature. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:694–701. 424
67* Beckenbaugh RD, Ilstrup DM. Total hip arthroplasty: a review of three hundred and thirty-three cases with long follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978;60:306–313. 423
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69 Johnston RC, Fitzgerald RH Jr, Harris WH, Poss R, Muller ME, Sledge CB. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of total hip replacement: a standard system of terminology for reporting results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:161–168. 421
70 Noyes FR, Mooar PA, Matthews DS, Butler DL. The symptomatic anterior cruciate deficient knee. Part I: The long-term functional disability in athletically active individuals. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1983;65:154–162. 420
71 Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME. Measurement of lower-extremity kinematics during level walking. J Orthop Res. 1990;8:383–392. 419
72 Jowsey J, Kelly PJ, Riggs BL, Bianco AJ Jr, Scholz DA, Gershon-Cohen J. Quantitative microradiographic studies of normal and osteoporotic bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1965;47:785–806. 414
73 Neer CS 2nd, Foster CR. Inferior capsular shift for involuntary inferior and multidirectional instability of the shoulder: a preliminary report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62:897–908. 408
74 Shapiro F, Koide S, Glimcher MJ. Cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:532–553. 403
75 Neer CS 2nd, Watson KC, Stanton FJ. Recent experience in total shoulder replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:319–337. 400
76 Merchant AC, Mercer RL, Jacobsen RH, Cool CR. Roentgenographic analysis of patellofemoral congruence. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1974;56:1391–1396. 399
77 Frymoyer JW, Pope MH, Clements JH, Wilder DG, Macpherson B, Ashikaga T. Risk factors in low-back pain: an epidemiological survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;65:213–218. 398
78* Daniel DM, Stone ML, Dobson BE, Fithian DC, Rossman DJ, Kaufman KR. Fate of the ACL-injured patient: a prospective outcome study. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:632–644. 397
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80 Jones HH, Priest JD, Hayes WC, Tichenor CC, Nagel DA. Humeral hypertrophy in response to exercise.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:204–208. 393
81 Poppen NK, Walker PS. Normal and abnormal motion of the shoulder. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1976;58:195–201. 391
82 James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6:40–50. 385
83 Levine DW, Simmons BP, Koris MJ, Daltroy LH, Hohl GG, Fossel AH, Katz JN. A self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of severity of symptoms and functional status in carpal tunnel syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1585–1592. 382
84 Turkel SJ, Panio MW, Marshall JL, Girgis FG. Stabilizing mechanisms preventing anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981;63:1208–1217. 380
85 Rodeo SA, Arnoczky SP, Torzilli PA, Hidaka C, Warren RF. Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel: a biomechanical and histological study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993;75:1795–1803. 370
86 Tapper EM, Hoover NW. Late results after meniscectomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1969;51:517–526 passim. 368
87* Harrington PR. Treatment of scoliosis: correction and internal fixation by spine instrumentation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1962;44:591–610. 365
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89* Malchau H, Herberts P, Ahnfelt L. Prognosis of total hip replacement in Sweden: follow-up of 92,675 operations performed 1978–1990. Acta Orthop Scand. 1993;64:497–506. 363
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91 Verbiest H. A radicular syndrome from developmental narrowing of the lumbar vertebral canal. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1954;36:230–237. 361
92* Saunders J, Inman VT, Eberhart HD. The major determinants in normal and pathological gait. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1953;35:543–558. 359
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94* Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Instructional Course Lectures, The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Articular cartilage. Part II: Degeneration and osteoarthrosis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79:612–632. 358
Barrack RL, Mulroy RD Jr, Harris WH. Improved cementing techniques and femoral component loosening in young patients with hip arthroplasty: a 12-year radiographic review. J Bone Joint Surg Br.1992;74:385–389. 358
96 van Tulder MW, Koes BW, Bouter LM. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine (Phila PA 1976). 1997;22:2128–2156. 357
97 Trueta J, Harrison MH. The normal vascular anatomy of the femoral head in adult man. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1953;35:442–461. 356
98 Goodship AE, Kenwright J. The influence of induced micromovement upon the healing of experimental tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:650–655. 354
99* Kadaba MP, Ramakrishnan HK, Wootten ME, Gainey J, Gorton G, Cochran GV. Repeatability of kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic data in normal adult gait. J Orthop Res. 1989;7:849–860. 353
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